> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.chainstream.io/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Glossary

> Common terminology and concepts in ChainStream documentation

This glossary collects professional terms and abbreviations commonly used in ChainStream documentation to help developers quickly understand concepts in Web3 data and blockchain.

***

## Blockchain Terms

Basic blockchain concepts and general terminology.

### A

<Accordion title="Address">
  A unique identifier on the blockchain used to send and receive assets. Ethereum addresses start with `0x` and are 42 characters long.

  Example: `0xd8dA6BF26964aF9D7eEd9e03E53415D37aA96045`
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="ABI (Application Binary Interface)">
  The interface definition of a smart contract, describing functions and data structures for interacting with the contract.
</Accordion>

### B

<Accordion title="Block">
  The basic unit storing transaction data in a blockchain. Each block contains a set of transactions, timestamp, and the hash of the previous block.

  | Field        | Description           |
  | ------------ | --------------------- |
  | Block Number | Block height          |
  | Block Hash   | Block hash            |
  | Timestamp    | Block time            |
  | Transactions | Included transactions |
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Block Confirmation">
  The number of subsequent blocks produced after a transaction is included in a block. More confirmations mean the transaction is more irreversible.

  | Chain    | Recommended Confirmations |
  | -------- | ------------------------- |
  | Ethereum | 12-32                     |
  | BSC      | 15                        |
  | Solana   | 32                        |
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Bridge">
  A protocol that allows assets and data to transfer between different blockchains. Common bridges include LayerZero, Wormhole, etc.
</Accordion>

### C

<Accordion title="Chain">
  A blockchain network. ChainStream supports multiple chains including Ethereum, BSC, Polygon, Arbitrum, Solana, etc.

  Chain identifier examples:

  * `ethereum` - Ethereum Mainnet
  * `bsc` - BNB Chain
  * `arbitrum` - Arbitrum One
  * `solana` - Solana
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Contract Address">
  The unique address where a smart contract is deployed on the blockchain. Unlike regular addresses (EOA), contract addresses are controlled by code.
</Accordion>

### E

<Accordion title="EOA (Externally Owned Account)">
  An account controlled by a private key, as opposed to a smart contract address.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="ERC-20">
  Ethereum token standard. Defines basic token function interfaces like `transfer`, `approve`, `balanceOf`, etc.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="ERC-721">
  Ethereum NFT standard. Defines the interface specification for non-fungible tokens.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine)">
  The runtime environment for executing smart contract code. Polygon, Arbitrum, Base are all EVM-compatible chains.
</Accordion>

### G

<Accordion title="Gas">
  The fee unit required to execute blockchain transactions. Gas Fee = Gas Used × Gas Price.

  | Term      | Description                             |
  | --------- | --------------------------------------- |
  | Gas Limit | Maximum gas consumption for transaction |
  | Gas Used  | Actual gas consumed                     |
  | Gas Price | Price per gas unit                      |
  | Gwei      | Gas Price unit, 1 Gwei = 10⁻⁹ ETH       |
</Accordion>

### H

<Accordion title="Hash">
  A cryptographic function that converts arbitrary length data to a fixed-length string. Commonly used for transaction hashes, block hashes in blockchain.

  Example: `0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef`
</Accordion>

### L

<Accordion title="Layer 1 (L1)">
  First layer blockchain. Independent main chains like Ethereum, Solana, Bitcoin.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Layer 2 (L2)">
  Second layer scaling solutions. Scaling solutions built on top of L1, like Arbitrum, Optimism, Base, zkSync.
</Accordion>

### M

<Accordion title="Mempool">
  Staging area for pending transactions. Transactions wait in the mempool before being included in a block.
</Accordion>

### N

<Accordion title="NFT (Non-Fungible Token)">
  Unique digital assets, commonly used for digital art, gaming items, etc.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Node">
  A computer running blockchain software, participating in network validation and data storage.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Nonce">
  Transaction sequence number. An incrementing counter for each address sending transactions, preventing replay attacks.
</Accordion>

### R

<Accordion title="RPC (Remote Procedure Call)">
  Protocol for interacting with blockchain nodes, used to send transactions, query data, etc.
</Accordion>

### S

<Accordion title="Smart Contract">
  Program code that automatically executes on the blockchain. Once deployed, code logic cannot be changed (unless upgrade mechanism is designed).
</Accordion>

### T

<Accordion title="Token">
  Digital assets on the blockchain. Includes native tokens (like ETH) and contract tokens (like USDC).
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Transaction">
  State change operations on the blockchain, such as transfers, contract calls, etc.

  | Field      | Description                         |
  | ---------- | ----------------------------------- |
  | TxHash     | Transaction hash, unique identifier |
  | From       | Sender address                      |
  | To         | Receiver address                    |
  | Value      | Transfer amount                     |
  | Input Data | Contract call data                  |
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Transaction Hash / TxHash">
  The unique identifier of a transaction. Can be used to query transaction details on block explorers.
</Accordion>

### W

<Accordion title="Wallet">
  A tool for storing and managing crypto assets. Can be software (like MetaMask) or hardware (like Ledger).
</Accordion>

***

## DeFi Terms

Decentralized finance related concepts.

### A

<Accordion title="AMM (Automated Market Maker)">
  Algorithm mechanism for providing liquidity and pricing in DEXes, like Uniswap's constant product formula `x * y = k`.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="APR (Annual Percentage Rate)">
  Annual interest rate without considering compounding.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="APY (Annual Percentage Yield)">
  Annual yield percentage considering compounding.

  Formula: `APY = (1 + APR/n)^n - 1`, where n is the number of compounding periods.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="ATH (All-Time High)">
  The highest price a token or asset has ever reached.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="ATL (All-Time Low)">
  The lowest price a token or asset has ever reached.
</Accordion>

### C

<Accordion title="CEX (Centralized Exchange)">
  Cryptocurrency trading platforms operated by centralized institutions.

  Examples: Binance, Coinbase, OKX, Bybit
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Collateral">
  Assets used to secure loans in lending protocols. Collateral ratio typically needs to exceed 100%.
</Accordion>

### D

<Accordion title="DEX (Decentralized Exchange)">
  Trading platforms that don't require centralized institutions, automatically executing trades through smart contracts.

  Examples: Uniswap, SushiSwap, Raydium, Jupiter
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="dApp (Decentralized Application)">
  Applications running on the blockchain.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="DeFi (Decentralized Finance)">
  Blockchain-based financial services and applications, including trading, lending, derivatives, etc.
</Accordion>

### F

<Accordion title="Farming / Yield Farming">
  The practice of earning token rewards by providing liquidity to DeFi protocols.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="FDV (Fully Diluted Valuation)">
  Total market value assuming all tokens are issued.

  Formula: `FDV = Token Price × Total Supply`
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Flash Loan">
  Instant uncollateralized loans that must be repaid within the same block/transaction. Commonly used for arbitrage, liquidation, etc.
</Accordion>

### H

<Accordion title="Health Factor">
  A metric measuring position safety in lending protocols. Position may be liquidated when health factor \< 1.
</Accordion>

### I

<Accordion title="Impermanent Loss">
  Loss incurred by liquidity providers relative to simply holding assets due to price volatility.

  | Price Change | Impermanent Loss |
  | ------------ | ---------------- |
  | ±25%         | -0.6%            |
  | ±50%         | -2.0%            |
  | ±100%        | -5.7%            |
</Accordion>

### L

<Accordion title="Liquidation">
  The process where protocols automatically sell collateral to repay debt when lending position collateral ratio falls below threshold.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Liquidity">
  The amount of assets available for trading in a market. High liquidity means large trades won't significantly affect price.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Liquidity Pool">
  Smart contracts in DEXes that store trading pair assets, providing liquidity for trades.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="LP (Liquidity Provider)">
  Users who provide assets to DEX pools and earn trading fees as rewards.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="LP Token">
  Tokens representing a user's share in a liquidity pool, can be used to redeem assets or stake for mining.
</Accordion>

### M

<Accordion title="Market Cap">
  Total market value of a token.

  Formula: `Market Cap = Token Price × Circulating Supply`
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="MEV (Maximal Extractable Value)">
  Extra value miners or validators extract through transaction ordering, insertion, or censorship.

  Common MEV types:

  * Sandwich Attack
  * Front-running
  * Back-running
  * Liquidation
</Accordion>

### O

<Accordion title="Oracle">
  Services providing off-chain data to smart contracts, like Chainlink, Pyth. Commonly used for price data.
</Accordion>

### S

<Accordion title="Slippage">
  The difference between expected trade price and actual execution price. Can be larger in pools with lower liquidity.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Staking">
  Locking tokens in protocols to earn rewards or participate in governance.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Swap">
  Token exchange operations on DEXes.
</Accordion>

### T

<Accordion title="TVL (Total Value Locked)">
  Total value of assets locked in DeFi protocols, an important metric for measuring protocol scale.
</Accordion>

### W

<Accordion title="Whale">
  Addresses or investors holding large amounts of crypto assets. Typically refers to addresses holding more than 1% of a token's supply.
</Accordion>

### Y

<Accordion title="Yield">
  Returns from investing in DeFi protocols, including trading fee shares, token rewards, interest, etc.
</Accordion>

***

## ChainStream Terms

ChainStream product and service related concepts.

### A

<Accordion title="Access Token">
  A JWT (JSON Web Token) used to authenticate API requests.

  **How to obtain**:

  1. Create an App in Dashboard to get Client ID and Client Secret
  2. Use Client ID and Client Secret to call the auth service to generate an Access Token
  3. Use `Authorization: Bearer <Access Token>` in API request headers

  **Auth domain**: `dex.asia.auth.chainstream.io`

  **Scopes**:

  | Scope           | Description                  |
  | --------------- | ---------------------------- |
  | `webhook.read`  | Webhook API read permission  |
  | `webhook.write` | Webhook API write permission |
  | `kyt.read`      | KYT API read permission      |
  | `kyt.write`     | KYT API write permission     |

  Security tips:

  * Don't expose Client Secret in client-side code
  * Don't commit credentials to version control
  * Store sensitive information in environment variables
  * Access Tokens expire, refresh them periodically

  See [Authentication Documentation](/en/api-reference/authentication/authenticate)
</Accordion>

### C

<Accordion title="CU (Compute Unit)">
  Unit for measuring API request complexity in ChainStream. Different endpoints consume different CUs.
</Accordion>

### K

<Accordion title="KYA (Know Your Address)">
  ChainStream's address risk assessment service, analyzing address historical behavior and associated risks.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="KYT (Know Your Transaction)">
  ChainStream's transaction risk control service, assessing transaction fund sources and risk levels.

  Risk Levels:

  | Level  | Description                          |
  | ------ | ------------------------------------ |
  | Low    | Low risk, can process automatically  |
  | Medium | Medium risk, recommend manual review |
  | High   | High risk, recommend blocking        |
  | Severe | Severe risk, must block              |
</Accordion>

### R

<Accordion title="Rate Limit">
  API request frequency limits. ChainStream provides different rate limits based on subscription tier.

  Response headers:

  * `X-RateLimit-Limit` - Total limit
  * `X-RateLimit-Remaining` - Remaining count
  * `X-RateLimit-Reset` - Reset time
</Accordion>

### S

<Accordion title="Smart Money">
  Addresses identified by ChainStream that consistently achieve above-market returns.

  Types:

  * Top Traders
  * Early Investors
  * Institutional Wallets
  * KOL Wallets

  See [Smart Money Methodology](/en/docs/data-products/smart-money)
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Smart Score">
  ChainStream's comprehensive score for wallet addresses, reflecting trading ability and historical performance.

  | Score Range | Level           |
  | ----------- | --------------- |
  | 90-100      | Top Smart Money |
  | 75-89       | Quality Trader  |
  | 60-74       | Good Trader     |
  | \< 60       | Average Trader  |
</Accordion>

### W

<Accordion title="Webhook">
  A mechanism for sending notifications to specified URLs when events trigger.

  **Supported event types**:

  | Event                | Description                                                    |
  | -------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
  | `sol.token.created`  | New token created on Solana                                    |
  | `sol.token.migrated` | Token graduated (migrated from Bonding Curve to DEX) on Solana |

  <Note>
    More event types are under development.
  </Note>

  **Management endpoints**:

  * `POST /v1/webhook/endpoint` - Create Webhook
  * `GET /v1/webhook/endpoint` - List Webhooks
  * `DELETE /v1/webhook/endpoint/{id}` - Delete Webhook

  See [Webhook Fundamentals](/en/docs/recipes/webhook-fundamentals)
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="WebSocket">
  A network protocol supporting real-time bidirectional communication. ChainStream provides real-time data streams via WebSocket.

  **Endpoint**: `wss://realtime-dex.chainstream.io/connection/websocket`

  **Connection format**:

  ```
  wss://realtime-dex.chainstream.io/connection/websocket?token=YOUR_ACCESS_TOKEN
  ```

  **Supported subscription types**:

  * Token candles (`dex-token-candles`)
  * Token stats (`dex-token-stats`)
  * Token holders (`token-holders`)
  * New tokens (`dex-new-token`)
  * Wallet balance (`wallet-balance`)
  * Wallet trades (`wallet-trade`)

  <Note>
    When using SDKs, authentication is handled automatically.
  </Note>

  See [WebSocket API](/en/api-reference/endpoint/websocket/introduction)
</Accordion>

***

## AI Terms

AI and MCP related concepts.

### A

<Accordion title="Agent">
  An AI system capable of autonomously executing tasks. AI Agents can use tools, access external data, and make decisions.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Agent Skills">
  Structured instruction packages (`SKILL.md` files) that teach AI coding assistants how to use specific capabilities. ChainStream provides two skills: `chainstream-data` (read-only data queries) and `chainstream-defi` (DeFi execution). Skills include decision trees, workflows, safety rules, and error recovery — everything an AI agent needs to operate autonomously.

  See [Agent Skills Introduction](/en/docs/ai-agents/agent-skills/introduction)
</Accordion>

### C

<Accordion title="Context">
  Information the AI model references when generating responses, including conversation history, system prompts, external data, etc.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Context Window">
  The maximum number of tokens an AI model can process at once. Larger context windows allow processing more information.
</Accordion>

### L

<Accordion title="LLM (Large Language Model)">
  AI models trained on large amounts of text data, such as Claude, GPT, etc.
</Accordion>

### M

<Accordion title="MCP (Model Context Protocol)">
  An open protocol developed by Anthropic that allows AI models to interact with external data sources and tools.

  ChainStream MCP Server implements this protocol, enabling AI to directly query on-chain data.

  See [MCP Introduction](/en/docs/ai-agents/mcp-server/introduction)
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="MCP Server">
  Server implementing MCP protocol, providing tools and data. ChainStream MCP Server provides on-chain data query capabilities.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="MCP Client">
  Applications using MCP protocol to call tools, such as Claude Desktop, Cursor.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="MPP (Micropayment Protocol)">
  A payment protocol using the Tempo network (chain ID 4217) for USDC.e payments. An alternative to x402 for AI agents that prefer paying on Tempo. Gas is paid in USDC.e directly — no ETH needed.

  See [x402 Payment](/en/docs/platform/billing-payments/x402-payments)
</Accordion>

### P

<Accordion title="Prompt">
  Input text given to AI models to guide the model to generate expected output.
</Accordion>

### T

<Accordion title="SKILL.md">
  The standard file format for Agent Skills. Contains YAML frontmatter (name, description) and structured markdown with decision trees, workflows, safety rules, and references. Used by AI coding assistants like Cursor, Claude Code, and Codex.
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="TEE (Trusted Execution Environment)">
  Computing environment providing hardware-level security protection, ensuring confidentiality and integrity of code and data. ChainStream CLI uses a TEE for wallet key management — private keys never leave the secure enclave.

  See [CLI Authentication](/en/docs/platform/authentication/api-keys-oauth)
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Token (AI)">
  The basic unit AI models use to process text. One token is approximately 4 English characters or 1-2 Chinese characters.

  <Note>
    This Token refers to AI tokens, which is different from blockchain tokens.
  </Note>
</Accordion>

<Accordion title="Tool">
  Functions defined in MCP that can be called by AI. Tools provided by ChainStream include `get_token_balance`, `analyze_wallet`, etc.
</Accordion>

### X

<Accordion title="x402">
  An open payment protocol built on HTTP 402 (Payment Required) by [Coinbase](https://github.com/coinbase/x402). Enables AI Agents to pay per API call using USDC stablecoins on Base network. ChainStream supports x402 as an authentication scheme — agents without an API key can pay for each tool invocation via signed on-chain authorization (EIP-3009 or Permit2), verified through a Facilitator service. No account registration required.
</Accordion>

***

## Quick Reference

### By Letter

| Letter | Terms                                                               |
| ------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| A      | Address, ABI, AMM, Access Token, APR, APY, ATH, Agent, Agent Skills |
| B      | Block, Bridge                                                       |
| C      | CEX, Chain, CU, Context                                             |
| D      | DEX, DeFi, dApp                                                     |
| E      | EOA, ERC-20, EVM                                                    |
| F      | FDV, Flash Loan, Farming                                            |
| G      | Gas                                                                 |
| H      | Hash, Health Factor                                                 |
| I      | Impermanent Loss                                                    |
| K      | KYA, KYT                                                            |
| L      | L1, L2, Liquidity, LP, LLM                                          |
| M      | Market Cap, MCP, MEV, Mempool, MPP                                  |
| N      | NFT, Node, Nonce                                                    |
| O      | Oracle                                                              |
| P      | Prompt                                                              |
| R      | Rate Limit, RPC                                                     |
| S      | SKILL.md, Slippage, Smart Contract, Smart Money, Staking, Swap      |
| T      | Token, TVL, TxHash, TEE, Tool                                       |
| W      | Wallet, Webhook, WebSocket, Whale                                   |
| X      | x402                                                                |
| Y      | Yield                                                               |

***

## Related Documentation

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Product Overview" icon="house" href="/en/docs/home">
    Learn about ChainStream products
  </Card>

  <Card title="API Reference" icon="code" href="/en/api-reference/authentication/authenticate">
    API documentation
  </Card>

  <Card title="Smart Money Methodology" icon="brain" href="/en/docs/data-products/smart-money">
    Deep dive into Smart Money
  </Card>

  <Card title="MCP Introduction" icon="plug" href="/en/docs/ai-agents/mcp-server/introduction">
    Learn about MCP protocol
  </Card>
</CardGroup>